struct [struct-type-name]
{
[type variable-names] ;
...
} [structure-variables];union [union-type-name]
{
[type variable-names] ;
...
} [union-variables];if(expression)
statement
else
statement
if(expression)
statement
else if(expression)
statement
else
statement
while(expression)
statement;
switch(expression)
{
case const-expr:
statements;
case const-expr:
statements;
default:
statements;
}
do
statements;
while(expression);
Example Notes int intarray[]={ 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21 }; The dimension of the array is obtained from the number of initializers char astring[]={ 'e', 'x', 'p', 'l', 'i', 'c', 'i', 't', ' ',
't', 'e', 'r', 'm', 'i', 'n', 'a', 't', 'o', 'r', 0 };char bstring[]="no explicit terminator"; The dimension of the character array is given by the number of characters in the string, plus one for the terminating NULL char *colors[]={ "Black", "Red", "Green", "Blue", "White" }; Each member of the array has a initializer as per above examples struct {
int ival;
char *sval;
char cval;
} astruct = { 1234, "example", 'x' };Struct initialization is equivalent to one initializer per structure member. Unions only accep initialization for the first member int bidim[2][3] = {
{ 23, 45, 98 },
{ 19, 33, 44 }
};Bidimensional arrays are initialized in the order of the first dimension, which must be explicit (the second can be ommited, being obtained from the number of elements in ecah sub-initializer) struct {
int ival;
char *sval;
} sarr[]= {
{ 14, "one" },
{ 23, "two" },
{ 44, "three" }
};Initializing an array of struct is initializing each member
Self referential structures
struct node
{
char *item;
struct node *next;
};
Symbol Name Associativity Class Higher
precedence() Subexpression grouping and function call Left to right Primary expressions and postfix operators [ ] Array subscripting -> Struct pointer . Struct member ++ Postfix increment -- Postfix decrement ! Logical negation Right to left Unary operators ~ One's complement ++ Prefix increment -- Prefix decrement - Unary negation + Unary plus (type) Type casting * Pointer indirection & Address of ... sizeof Size of ... * Multiplication Left to right Multiplicative operators / Division % Modulus or remainder + Addition Left to right Additive operators - Subtraction << Bitwise left shift Left to right Shift operators (bitwise) >> Bitwise right shift < Less than ... Left to right Relational operators <= Less than or equal to ... > Greater than ... >= Greater than or equal to ... == Equality test Left to right Equality operators != Inequality test & Bitwise AND Left to right Bitwise operators ^ Bitwise XOR Left to right Bitwise operators | Bitwise OR Left to right Bitwise operators && Logical AND Left to right Logical operators || Logical OR Left to right Logical operators ?: Conditional test Right to left Conditional operators = Assignment Right to left Assignment operators += Add and assign -= Subtract and assign *= Multiply and assign /= Divide and assign %= Extract remainder and assign <<= Bitwise left shift and assign >>= Bitwise right shift and assign &= Bitwise AND and assign ^= Bitwise XOR and assign |= Bitwise OR and assign Lower
precedence, Comma operator Left to right Sequence operators
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